abalone ⑴ gúnx̱aa ⒜ gúnx̱aa nóoxʼu | abalone shell

abandon ⑴ √tlʼeet | abandon; leave; throw away; dispose of; divorce ⒜ O-S-l-√tlʼeet | for S to abandon, desert, leave O; for S to throw away, dispose of, get rid of O; for S to divorce O; for S to fire O (from a job)

abdomen ⑴ –yuwá | abdomen; surface of belly; front of body || ⑵ –x̱ʼóolʼ | belly, paunch ⒜ –x̱ʼulʼdaa | tailbone

about ⑴ –daa ² | around; about; concerning ⒜ –daat || ⒝ –x̱ʼadaa | about, concerning his/her words, speech

above ⑴ dikée | up; above; up in the sky, in heaven || ⑵ –kináak | above – || ⑶ kínde; dakínde; dikínde | upward || ⑷ –shakée | (on) top of the head of −; top of – (something with a rounded top, as a mountain); above –; (elevated) over –

abstain at + S-l-√g̱aas ˟ | for S to abstain, refrain from, keep from doing (usually for ceremonial or religious reasons, esp. of lent)

acceptable ⑴ g̱aa | sufficient; enough; acceptable; pleasant ⒜ N + tóo-g̱aa + O-∅-√tee ʰ ¹ | for N to be acceptable to O; for N to be satisfactory to O; for N to be well-liked by O

accident ¹ (verb) ḵáakw-t⁓ + O-∅-√nei ² ʰ | for O to have an accident, get hurt

accident ² (noun) ḵaaḵwx̱daagané; ḵaaḵx̱daagané; ḵaaḵwx̱dagán | wrongly by accident; unfortunate mistake

accompany ⑴ √x̱án ⒜ N-xʼ + sh + S-d+l-√x̱án ˟ | for S to accompany N; for S to take (a liking) to N; for S to follow N around || ⑵ N + een-x̱ + sh + S-d+l-√yeix̱ ¹ | for S to use accompany N; for S to be with N all the time

accomplish O-ya-S-∅-√dlaaḵ

accomplishment at wujaaḵw

according to ⑴ –yáx̱ | like; according to; as much as; equal to; similar to ⒜ –jiyáx̱ | according to the way – does it || ⒝ –x̱ʼayáx̱ | according to  words, instructions

accordion át sh kawdudziyéedi

accumulate yan⁓ + O-ka-S-l-√gaa ²

accuse ⑴ N + géi⁓ + yoo + x̱ʼa-S-l-√.aat ⁵ | for S to accuse, speak against N || ⑵ N + géi⁓ + O-ka-S-s-√haa ⁴ | for S to accuse, blame N || ⑶ √heech | watch covertly; accuse

accustomed to ⑴ √daa ² | accustomed to; figure out ⒜ N + ee⁓ + ∅-√daa ² | for N to become accustomed to, get used to it || ⒝ N + x̱ʼéix̱ + ∅-√daa ² | for N to become used to, accustomed to it (of manner of speech or flavor of food) || ⒞ N-x̱ + O-tu-∅-√daa ² | for O to become used to, accustomed to N (esp. in attitudes)

achilles tendon –saayeetéetʼi

acknowledge ⑴ (yéi) + ya-S-∅-√ḵaa ¹ | for S to say (a certain thing); for S to confess, acknowledge, declare (a certain thing) || ⑵ (n + éede) + O-ya-S-s-√ḵaa ¹ | for S to charge (N) for O; for S to set the price of O; for S to confess, acknowledge, or delcare O

acquainted O-S-s-√koo ʰ  ¹

acquire O-ya-S-∅-√dlaaḵ

across ⑴ diyáa | across (especially of body of water); the other side (especially of body of water) || ⑵ diyáanax̱.á | area across (especially of body of water); on the other side (especially of body of water) || ⑶ –kagé | across from it || ⑷ –keeká | across from it; on the other side facing it

act ⑴ √geet ² || ⑵ (yéi) + ḵu-S-∅-√nook ³ | for S to behave, do, act (in a certain way)

act against at + géit⁓ + S-d+s-√geet ²

act like N-t + S-∅-√nook ³ | for S to act like N

actions ⑴ –daa.itnagóowu || ⑵ –ḵunóogu

active tlél yax̱⁓ + S-d+∅-√tsʼéin | they are always active; they are mischievous

actual ⑴ ḵúnáx̱– | very; actual; real || ⑵ yankáxʼ– | genuinely; truly

actually ⑴ ḵachoo || ⑵ ḵúnáx̱ | really; actually; very

add –kíknáx̱ | in addition to it; along with it; to the side of it; besides that

add to ⑴ N-t⁓ + ka-S-d+∅-√g̱éexʼ | for S to donate, contribute, add to N || ⑵ O-sha-ya-l-√haa ² ʰ | for S to have many, plenty, lots of O; for O to add to the amount of O

addict –tsʼéix̱i | is addicted to –; has a taste for –; craves –

address ⑴ √yoo | address as (using a kinship term) ⒜ (yéi) + N + yát⁓ + x̱ʼa-S-d+l-√yoo | for S to address, call N by certain relationship term and thus adopt that relationship

adequate ⑴ tlʼag̱áa || ⑵ –jeeg̱áa | (big) enough for them to have or use; adequate for them

adhere ⑴ √sʼeexʼw ⒜ N-t⁓ + O-ka-S-l-√sʼéexʼw | for S to stick O (esp. paper) to N

admire N + yáa + O-li-√ḵʼéi ˟

adolescent ⑴ –kʼátskʼu; –kʼwátskʼu || ⑵ shaatk’ásk’u | adolescent girl || ⑶ shaax’wsáani | adolescent girls || ⑷ yadakʼwátskʼu

adopt ⑴ (yéi) + N + yát⁓ + x̱ʼa-S-d+l-√yoo | for S to address, call N by certain relationship term and thus adopt that relationship || ⑵ a + tóot + O-ji-S-∅-√taan ³ | for S to take O into a clan; for S to adopt O into a clan

adult ⑴ yanwáat || ⑵ yées ḵu.oo | young adults; young people

adversary –yaanaayí | adversary

advise ⑴ √jaa | instruct; advice; counsel ⒜ O-shu-ka-S-∅-√jaa ʰ | for S to instruct, show O (by word); for S to advise, give advice to, counsel O || ⑵ √sʼeesʼ | squirt; advise pointedly; whistle quietly

advocate at yátxʼi daa yoo at kooneik ḵáa | court appointed special advocate

adze ⑴ (verb) √x̱ootʼ ² ⒜ O-S-∅-√x̱óotʼ ² | for S to chip O out (with adze); for S to chop O (wood) || ⒝ (noun) x̱útʼaa || ⒞ sʼoow x̱útʼaa | stone adze

affair sh + kalyéi + O-ya-S-∅-√xeex ⁴ | for S to fool around sexually with O; for S to have an affair with O

affect N + ee⁓ + O-∅-√tee ʰ ¹ | for O to affect N

affected by N + tóon + O-∅-√tee ʰ ¹ | for N to care about O; for N to be concerned about O; for N to be affected by O

afraid ⑴ √x̱eitlʼ; √x̱eetlʼ ¹ | afraid; fearful ⒜ N-xʼ + a-ka-u-S-d+l-√x̱éitlʼ ˟ | for S to be afraid of, fear N

after ⑴ (particle) aadáx̱; aax̱ | after it (that time); from it; off of it || ⑵ (particle) aag̱áa | after that; at that time; following that || ⑶ a ít aa; e ítde aa (C) | the following one; the next one || ⑷ –ít | after –; following – || ⑸ –eetí | (what is left) after it is gone; the place where it used to be; its imprint, ruins, legacy, remains || ⑹ gaaw ítxʼ | after the appointed time; late || ⑺ -g̱aa | going after; waiting for; in the area of; about the time of || ⑻ –eeg̱áa | waiting for; going after; going for (to get)

afterbirth ⑴ –keegí; –tʼaag̱í ² | placenta, afterbirth || ⑵ –x̱ʼáati | embrionic sac, caul (of ruminant)

afterlife dag̱anḵú; dax̱anḵú

afternoon ⑴ sitgawsáan ítdáx̱ | sitgaamsáan ítdáx̱ (T) || ⑵ yakyee; yagiyee; yagee (T) | day; afternoon

against ⑴ –x̱ʼanaa | (protecting) from, against a bite; keeping from eating something || ⑵ –gé | against; opposing

agape ⑴ √tʼaax̱ | open mouth; agape ⒜ x̱ʼa-S-∅-√tʼaax̱ | for S to open oneʼs mouth wide, keep oneʼs mouth open

age ⑴ –katáagu || ⑵ √shaan ⒜ O-d+∅-√shaan | for O to show signs of old age (esp. grey hair), for O to become old, age

aged ⑴ √sʼeex | aged food; ferment; spoil; rot ¹ ⒜ (adjective) –kasʼeex

ago ⑴ chʼáakw | long ago; back then; back in those days; in the old days; in ancient times || ⑵ chʼa kʼikát; chʼa kʼát; chʼa kʼeekát; chʼe kʼeekét | just barely; barely managing (to do a little); just now; a little while ago

agree (yéi) + O-sa-S-∅-√haa ⁴

aground kux

ahead ⑴ –shuká | in front of –; ahead of – || ⑵ yaadachóon | straight (ahead); directly (ahead)

Ahtna iḵkaa | Ahtna; Copper River Dene

aid ⑴ √soo | supernatural aid ⒜ N + eeg̱áa + ∅-√soo | for N to receive supernatural aid; for N to be blessed by spiritual aid

air yées daséikw | fresh air

airplane ⑴ át wudiḵeeni yaakw || ⑵ woosh kát kawdliyeejí aa || ⑶ yaa ndaḵín yaakw

airport woosh kát kawdliyeejí aa daakahídi

alarm x̱ʼaan daa.éexʼi | fire alarm

Alaska Anáaski; Anásgi

alcohol ⑴ náaw || ⑵ l yaa ḵoojigeyi héen | liquor; booze; alcoholic beverage

alcoholic ⑴ náaw éesh || ⑵ náaw sʼaatí

alcoholic beverage ⑴ kasiyaayi héen || ⑵ kóoshdaa lóoxʼu || ⑶ náaw

alder ⑴ keishísh | alnus alder; beach alder; mountain alder || ⑵ shéix̱ʼw | red alder

alert ⑴ √keits ¹ || ⑵ √koos | for a dog to dream; for a dog to become alert

Aleut ⑴ Ana.óot || ⑵ Giyaḵw || ⑶ Gutéix̱ʼ

algae ⑴ (noun) káasʼ | ocean algae || ⑵ (verb) √kaasʼ | scummy; covered in algae || ⑶ (noun) x̱aatlʼ | algae found on rocks; freshwater fine grass

alien g̱una.át; g̱uneit | something strange; a different type of being (supernatural or animal)

alight N-t⁓ + a-ka-∅-√gaan ¹

alive √tseen ²

alkali wéinaa | alkali deposit; lime

all ldakát

all gone! hóochʼ; hóochkʼ

all the time ⑴ tlákw || ⑵ chʼa tlákw

allegation yaḵá | speech, words; angry words; allegation, charge(s)

alligator li.oox̱u tseenx̱ʼé tlein

almost ⑴ tlél unalé; tlél nalé || ⑵ tlelé; tlelí || ⑶ tleinlé; tleinlí

along ⑴ –kíknáx̱ | in addition to it; along with it; to the side of it; besides that || ⑵ –keek | along with them; at his/her side || ⑶ -náx̱ ¹ | through; along; via; including the time of ⒜ anax̱ | through it; along it || ⑷ –x̱ʼayaax̱ | along the edge of (road or body of water)

alongside ⑴ –kík | alongside it; catching up with it || ⑵ –tʼaḵká | side (of body); alongside of

aloof –wanáa | separate, apart from it; keeping away, aloof from it; more than it (a number)

alpine shaa láax̱ | bare-peaked, alpine mountain

already ⑴ de; dei | already; by now || ⑵ desgwách | already

although ⑴ chʼa aan ¹ | although; even though; however; nonetheless; yet || ⑵ ḵu.aa; ḵwa | although; however

aluminum ⑴ géxtlʼ || ⑵ lʼeix

Alutiiq ⑴ Giyaḵw || ⑵ Gutéix̱ʼ

always ⑴ tlákw || ⑵ chʼa tlákw || ⑶ nooch; nuch; neech; nich

amaze ⑴ √jeich ¹ | surprise; astonish; amaze ⒜ O-ya-S-l-√jeich ¹ | for S to suprise, astonish, amaze O || ⑵ N + yáa + ḵut + O-∅-√nei ² | for O to amaze N

amazing ⑴ √koodzí ˟ | amazing; wonderful ⒜ O-l-√koodzí | for O to be amazing, wonderful

ambition –satoowú

ambitious ⑴ O-l-√sʼaaḵ | for O to be ambitious, industrious, hard working ⒜ lisʼaag̱í ḵáa | ambitious person

American Waashdan Ḵwáan

American Indian Tʼaawyáatʼ

amniotic fluid ⑴ tlahéeni | amniotic fluid in the womb (of human) || ⑵ –x̱ʼáati tuhéeni | amniotic fluid in its womb (of animal, esp a ruminant)

among –x̱oo | (in) the midst of; among

amount ⑴ chʼa wáa kugei sá | any amount; however many || ⑵ –kugeiyí | size of an ordinary object; amount of a supply, resource, burden, etc.

amuse self ⑴ √ookʼ ⒜ ḵu-S-d+s-√.ookʼ ˟

ANB sash koogéinaa

ancestor ⑴ –daakanóoxʼu | ancestor(s) of – (term of respect, usually referring to oneʼs motherʼs motherʼs father) || ⑵ –shagóon | ancestor(s) of the clan or nation of; background, heredity of ⒜ Haa Shagóon | Our Ancestors; Our History; Where We Come From; Our Origins and History || ⑶ –shaadí | acestor; forebear || ⑷ –shuká | genealogy of; ancestors of; history of ⒜ Haa Shuká | Our Ancestors; Our History; Our descendants; Our Clan Crest

anchor ⑴ daak + O-sha-S-s-√tee ² | for S to anchor O temporarily || ⑵ (verb) O-sha-S-s-√yaa ³ | for S to anchor O (a boat) || ⑶ sha-S-d+S-√yaa ³ | for S to anchor, lower anchor || ⑷ (noun) shayéinaa

Anchorage Áankich

ancient ⑴ chʼáagu– || ⑵ tlagu–; tlaguwu– || ⑶ chʼáakw | long ago; back then; back in those days; in the old days; in ancient times

and ḵa

anemic tlél + O-l-√tseen ˟ ¹ | for O to be anemic; for O to be weak

anemone ⑴ tayashágu | small red sea anemone || ⑵ tayataayí | sea anemone

angel kooḵénaa; kooḵánaa (T)

anger ⑴ (noun) ḵukahín | petulance; irritation; crankiness || ⑵ (noun) xʼáan || ⑶ (verb) √xʼaan ² | anger; angry

Angoon ⑴ Aangóon | “Village Isthmus” || ⑵ Xudzidaa Ḵwáan | People of the Angoon Area; "People Around the Charred Wood" || ⑶ Xutsnoowú Ḵwáan | People of the Angoon Area; "People of the Brown Bear Fort"

angrily xʼáandéin

angry ⑴ xʼáan-t⁓ + S-∅-√nook ³ | for S to be angry, mad, mean || ⑵ xʼáan + a-S-∅-√.oo ¹ ˟ | for S to be angry, mean || ⑶ √xʼaan ² | anger; angry ⒜ O-∅-√xʼaan ² | for O to be angry, in a bad mood (all the time)

animal ⑴ at gutu.ádi; daḵka.ádi | animal in the woods; animal that walks on land || ⑵ hintak.ádi | sea creature; animal that lives in the sea

ankle ⑴ –shutóox̱ʼ || ⑵ –x̱ʼustʼáḵlʼi | knob on outer side of ankle

annoy O-S-sh-√keen

annoyed √gaaxʼ ² | tired of a sound; annoyed by a sound

annoyed with ⑴ √ḵeet ¹ | suspect; annoyed with ⒜ tóo + O-S-sh-√ḵeet ˟ ¹ | for S to be annoyed with, tired of, fed up with O

ANS sash koogéinaa

answer ⑴ √ei ¹ | answer; reply ¹ ⒜ a-S-d+∅-√.ei ¹ | for S to answer, reply to a greeting or to oneʼs name

ant ⑴ wanatóox; wanatíx || ⑵ tóox | ant; bedbug; sand flea

antenna –gúgu | antenna (of radio)

anticipate O-shu-S-s-√tee ʰ ¹ | for S to anticipate, foresee O; for S to expect, consider O likely to happen or arrive

anticipation –yayís | getting ready for it; in anticipation of it

antler –sheidí | antler; horn

anus –tuḵx̱ʼé; –toox̱ʼé; –tuḵʼé; –tuḵ.woolí

anxiety tuxʼandaxeech | anxiety; wracked nerves; preoccupation; something weighing on oneʼs mind

anxious O-ka-S-∅-√jeek ˟ | for S to wonder, be curious, anxious about O

any ⑴ chʼa daaḵw.aa sá; chʼa daag̱u.aa sá; chʼa daatḵu.aa sá | any (certain one); whichever (one) || ⑵ chʼa gwátgeen sá; chʼa gútgeen sá (Y) | any time (in the future); whenever (in the future) || ⑶ chʼa gwátk sá | any time (in the past); whenever (in the past) || ⑷ chʼa koogéiyi | any old way; randomly; carelessly || ⑸ chʼa wáa kugei sá | any amount; however many

anybody ⑴ chʼa aadóo sá, chʼa aa sá || ⑵ chʼa aadóo sá

anyone ⑴ chʼa aadóo sá, chʼa aa sá || ⑵ chʼa aadóo sá

anyplace ⑴ chʼa gootʼá sá, chʼa gootʼé sá (C) || ⑵ chʼa gooxʼ sá

anything chʼa daa sá

anywhere ⑴ chʼa gootʼá sá, chʼa gootʼé sá (C) || ⑵ chʼa gooxʼ sá

apart –wanáa | separate, apart from it; keeping away, aloof from it; more than it (a number)

apostrophe tsʼéekʼw kashxeedí | apostrophe

appear before N + waḵsheeyee-xʼ + yéi + O-∅-√tee ʰ ¹ | for O to appear before N; for O to be apparent to N

appendix –yée

applaud ka-S-l-√tʼaach | for S to applaud; for S to clap

apple ⑴ xʼáaxʼ || ⑵ áabíns; áagúns

apple juice xʼáaxʼ kahéeni

appoint ⑴ a + tóo + daak + O-S-s-√.aat ¹ | classification: plural subject || ⑵ a + tóo + daak + O-S-s-√goot ¹ | classification: singular subject

April Xʼéig̱aa Kayaaní Dísi

apron ⑴ keit | apron worn by íx̱tʼ while making medicine, or worn while fighting || ⑵ yoowa.át | apron || ⑶ kʼideit; kʼúlʼdaa.át | smaller apron, worn around the hips

aquarium x̱áatxʼi sáani daakahídi

area ⑴ tliyaanax̱.á | area farther over; (toward) the other side || ⑵ diyáanax̱.á | area across (especially of body of water); on the other side (especially of body of water) || ⑶ –niyaanáx̱; –yinaanáx̱ | through a side of lineage (usually mother or father); through the area near it; along the area near it

argue N + een + woosh + x̱ʼa-S-d+∅-√xéet ˟ | for S to argue, quarrel with N

arm ⑴ –jig̱ei | crook of arm; in embrace of || ⑵ –sʼúdi | forearm (of person); lower forelimb (of animal) || ⑶ –x̱eek | upper arm

armor ⑴ adawóotl yuwaa.át | body armor; breastplate || ⑵ sankeit | armor used as protection in climbing || ⑶ kasan.át | wooden slat armor || ⑷ yinaaháat; niyaháat | body armor; breastplate

armpit ⑴ –éenee; –éenyee; –éeni (C) ⒜ –éenee x̱aawú; –éenyee x̱aawú; –éeni x̱aawú (C) | armpit hair

armspan waat

army x̱áa | group of canoes on the water; war party; attacking force of warriors or soldiers; army

around ⑴ át ³ | moving around || ⑵ –daa ² | around; about; concerning ⒜ gandaa | around the fire || ⒝ –shuwadaa | around (bypassing, avoiding); around the end of || ⒞ –x̱ʼadaa || ⑶ –daaká | (around) the outside surface of it || ⑷ -g̱aa | about the time of || ⑸ -t | arriving at; at a point; moving about at; around a point

arrest O-S-∅-√sháat | for S to catch O; for S to grab, take hold of, snatch O; for S to arrest O; for S to trap O

arrive ⑴ N-t⁓ + ḵu-∅-√haa ³ || ⑵ √haa ³

arriving (preverb) át ² | arriving there

arrow ⑴ at x̱ʼéidi; –x̱ʼéidi | point of arrow or harpoon || ⑵ chooneit || ⑶ g̱útl | blunt arrow for stunning || ⑷ sheexw | close quarter bow and arrow || ⑸ tláaḵ | sharp arrow for killing || ⑹ tʼúgwaa | bow and arrow || ⑺ –x̱aaní | barbs (of spear or arrow); prongs (of spear or arrow)

art ⑴ at nané || ⑵ at yahaayí xʼúxʼ kshaxeet | an artifact from drawing, painting, and making non-sculptural art || ⑶ ḵaa yahaayí kshaxeet | the act of draiwng, painting, and making non-sculptural art

arthritis daa.ittunéekw

artifact –ji.eetí

artist ḵaa jín kajág̱u

as ⑴ –yáx̱ | like; according to; as much as; equal to; similar to ⒜ –eeteeyáx̱; –eetíyáx̱; –eeteeyiyáx̱; –eeteeyiyéx̱ | as much as before

as if óosh

as soon as een, tin, tín, teen, téen, -n; -n; tin, tín, teen, téen, een, -n ; teen, téen, een, tin, tín, -n

ash ⑴ (noun) kélʼtʼ || ⑵ (verb) √keilʼ ³ || ⑶ (noun) sʼeeḵ a káa yax̱ ataan | ash tray

ashamed ⑴ √deixʼ ⒜ O-ka-∅-√déixʼ ˟

ashes kélʼtʼ

ask ⑴ O-S-∅-√.éexʼ ˟ ¹ | for S to invite O, ask O to a party || ⑵ (yóo) + O-ya-S-s-√ḵaa ¹ | for S to tell, say (that) to O; for S to ask O to do (that) || ⑶ √tsaay | want; ask || ⑷ √woosʼ ¹; √waasʼ | ask; inquire ⒜ O-x̱ʼa-S-∅-√wóosʼ ˟ ¹ | for S to ask, question O

ask for ⑴ √ei ² | ask for; wish for ⒜ O-S-d+s-√.ei ² | for S to ask for more O (often as a payment, often by a medicine person); for S to wish for more O || ⑵ O-S-d+s-√g̱áax̱ ˟ | for S to cry for, ask for O || ⑶ √x̱oox̱ | summon; call on; ask for ⒜ N + éex̱ + O-S-∅-√x̱oox̱ ˟ | for S to ask for O (from N) || ⒝ (N + éedáx̱) + O-ka-S-l-√x̱óox̱ ˟ | for S to ask for O (from N)

askance N + yaax̱ + kei + a-ka-S-d+l-√tʼáasʼ | for S to snap eyes at, look askance at, or glance at N (indicating anger, dislike, or suspicion)

askew kax̱ʼakdéin; kex̱ʼakdéin | crooked; askew; diagonally

assault ⑴ ji-S-d+∅-√.aat ¹ | for (plural) S to attack, assault, fall upon || ⑵ √jaaḵw ¹ | beat up; assault ⒜ O-S-∅-√jáaḵw ¹ | for S to beat up, assault, violently attack O

assemble ⑴ woosh + kaanáx̱ + S-d+∅-√.aat ¹ || ⑵ woosh + x̱oo-t⁓ + S-d+∅-√.aat ¹

assess ⑴ N + daa + ya-S-d+s-√.aa ² | for S to examine, inspect, look into N; for S to judge, assess N || ⑵ N + daadé + ḵu-S-∅-√téesʼ ˟ | for S to inspect the performance or circumstance of N; for S to assess N

assist N + ée-t⁓ + S-d+∅-√shee ³ | for S (person, medicine, etc.) to help, give help to, assist N

assistant íx̱tʼ x̱án ḵáawu | medicine personʼs assistant

astonish ⑴ √jeich ¹ | surprise; astonish; amaze ⒜ O-ya-S-l-√jeich ¹ | for S to suprise, astonish, amaze O || ⑵ N + yáa + ḵut + O-∅-√nei ² | for O to amaze N

astonished ⑴ O-ḵʼa-d+∅-√gwáatl || ⑵ O-ya-∅-√jeich || ⑶ √jeich

astray ḵut | going astray; getting lost

at ⑴ –x̱án | near; at the house of; by || ⑵ -t | arriving at; at a point; moving about at || ⑶ -xʼ ⁓ -∅ | at rest or residing; at the scene of; at the time of ⒜ áxʼ | residing at it; located at it || ⑷ -x̱ ¹ | in prolonged contact at; moving around at; repeatedly arriving at ⒜ áx̱ | moving around at it; repeatedly arriving at || ⑸ -u ⁓ -wu | is/are at ⒜ áwu | located at it

at some point wáa nanée sáwé

Athabaskan G̱unanaa | Inland People (Dene)

atlatl ⑴ júx̱ʼaa | sling (for thowing objects) || ⑵ shee aan | throwing board for a spear or dart

Atlin Áa Tlein

atmosphere –xáasʼi

attach ⑴ (N-dé) + O-ka-S-s-√xaat ¹ | for S to connect, attach, tie O (to N) || ⑵ N-(dé) + ka-s-√xaat ¹ | for something to be connected, attached, tied (to) N

attack ⑴ ji-S-d+∅-√.aat ¹ | for (plural) S to attack, assault, fall upon || ⑵ O-S-∅-√jáaḵw ¹ | for S to beat up, assault, violently attack O || ⑶ √x̱aa ³ | attack in fleet; attack in pod; war

attempt ⑴ √aaḵw ¹ | attempt; try ⒜ ka-S-∅-√aaḵw ˟ ¹ | for S to try, attempt

attendant ⑴ –daa yoo jikwli.átgi || ⑵ –x̱ʼadaa yoo jikool.átgi | waiter, attendant

attic hít shantú

attracting attention O-ka-l-√g̱éi | for O to be fancy, prominent (esp. in appearance), conspicuous, attracting attention

attractive ⑴ O-ya-ka-s-√.aan ˟ ² | to have an attractive face || ⑵ O-ka-s-√.aan ˟ ² | for something to be attractive

August Shaa Xeiyí Dísi

Auke Lake Áakʼw | "Little Lake"

auklet ⑴ kéel || ⑵ chʼeet || ⑶ –kéel

aunt ⑴ –aat | paternal aunt (opposite clan) || ⑵ –tláakʼw | maternal aunt (same clan)

aurora borealis gisʼóoḵ | aurora borealis; northern lights

autism keewáa ḵáawu yahaayí | person with mental disabilities

automobile át wududziḵúx̱u át

available ⑴ –jiká | getting in their way; coming their way (so that it is attainable) || ⑵ –jix̱án | at hand (for him to work with), available || ⑶ –x̱ʼax̱án | at hand (for him to eat or drink), available

avalanche dleit ḵaadí | snowslide; snow avalanche

avens aan kanáagu | largeleaf avens; large-leaved avens

avoid ⑴ –shuwadaa | around (bypassing, avoiding); around the end of || ⑵ –waḵshú | trying to avoid being seen, observed by; hiding what one is doing from

awake ⑴ √x̱eiḵ; √x̱eek ⒜ O-S-s-√x̱eiḵ | for S to keep O awake

away ⑴ –dakán | facing away from – || ⑵ –náḵ | away from it, leaving it behind || ⑶ –wanáa | separate, apart from it; keeping away, aloof from it; more than it (a number) || ⑷ woosh dakán | facing away from each other || ⑸ –yatʼéináx̱ | in secret (where nobody can see); away from peopleʼs view

awful looking ⑴ √jee ² ⒜ O-ka-(u)-l-√jée ˟ ²

awl sʼúwaa

axe ⑴ shanax̱wáayi; shunax̱wáayi; shunx̱wáa (C) || ⑵ tayees; yees | stone chisel; stone axe; wedge

babiche dzaas

baby ⑴ √neiy | baby; twiddle ⒜ tʼukanéiyi

babysitter atyátxʼi latíni

back ¹ ⑴ –díx̱ʼ ⒜ –dix̱ʼtusʼaag̱í; –díx̱ʼtú sʼaaḵx’í | backbone || ⒝ –lidíx̱ʼ | back of their neck; their (upper) neck || ⑵ –gáaxw | back (of a knife or other blade); back edge, spine of it || ⑶ –leet | back (of fish) ⒜ –litká | (on) the back of it (fish); on the crest, ridge, backbone of it (hill, ridge, point)

back ² ⑴ daaḵ | up in the woods (from the shore); inland; back (from the open); off of fire ⒜ dag̱inaa; dig̱inaa | back part (toward inland, toward the interior, away from the open); back room || ⒝ daḵká | up in the woods; inland; back (away from the open, away from the waterʼs edge, inside) || ⑵ –dzúk | at the back of; right behind || ⑶ –kʼiyee | near the base of –; at the foot of –; the back of – (a house); rear of – (a house); behind – (a house); under the shelter of – (a standing object or structure) || ⑷ ḵaa yatʼéináx̱ | in secret (where nobody can see); away from peopleʼs view || ⑸ –yatʼéik | behind  back; where – canʼt see

back ³ chʼáakw | long ago; back then; back in those days; in the old days; in ancient times

backbone x̱áat kʼáax̱ʼi | bloodline inside fish, along the backbone

backed up √yeeḵ ⁴

background –shagóon | ancestor(s) of the clan or nation of; background, heredity of

backpack ⑴ yáanaa | backpack; pack sack || ⑵ x̱éey; x̱éiy; x̱íyaa | pack; backpack; packsack

backside –kʼóolʼ | tailbone, bottom of his/her spine

backwards ḵux̱ dakʼóolʼeen; ḵux̱ dakʼóolʼin

bacon gishoo taayí

bad ⑴ (verb) tlél + O-sh-√kʼéi | for O to be bad, evil, no good ⒜ (verbal adjective) l ushikʼéiyi | bad; evil; wicked

badly l ushkʼedéin | with evil intention; badly (behavior)

bad-mouth O-S-∅-√xwéi ˟ | for S to tease, joke about O (esp. particular tribal relations, such as paternal uncle); for S to bad-mouth O

badness l ushkʼé

bag ⑴ gwéil || ⑵ náaḵw tlʼeig̱i gwéil; tl’éiḵ gwéili | octopus bag

baggage ⑴ at la.át | baggage; luggage; suitcase; things, stuff packed up for carrying || ⑵ át wududzix̱óotʼi | luggage or briefcase on wheels

baggy √leil | flabby; limp; baggy

bail out ⑴ √koox ⒜ O-ka-S-s-√koox | for S to bail out O (water, by hand or pump)

bailer ⑴ kakúxaa || ⑵ sheen; shéen | wooden bailer

bait (verb) ⑴ √naaḵw ¹ ⒜ ya-S-d+∅-√náaḵw ¹ | for S to bait hooks, put bait on fish hooks || ⒝ (adjective) yalináaḵwchʼán | good for bait || ⒞ (noun) –deenáag̱u || ⒟ –yanáag̱u; –yeenáag̱u | bait for || ⒠ at yanáag̱u | bait

bald ⑴ √x̱ʼwaasʼ ¹ | remove hair; lose hair; become bald ⒜ l-√x̱ʼwáasʼ ¹ | for something to lose its hair, become bald || ⒝ O-sha-l-√x̱ʼwáasʼ ¹ | for O (human) to become bald || ⒞ (noun) shax̱’wáasʼ | bald head; bald spot

baleen xén yáay x̱ʼaxéni

balk √dzeey

ball ⑴ aasdaakʼwátʼi | decorative fur balls on mitten strings || ⑵ dleit kachúxwti (C); dleit kachíxwti (A); dleit kachúxdi; dleit dzoonáa (T) | snowball || ⑶ koochʼéitʼaa | ball; basketball

balloon kadu.uxx̱u át

balsam lkʼóox̱ʼeit | balsam fir

bamboo kaneilx̱ʼú

banana ⑴ aandaat kanahík atx̱aayí || ⑵ chʼáakʼ x̱aagú

bandage O-ka-S-∅-√sʼeet | for S to bind up, wrap around, bandage O

baneberry sʼeek tléig̱u

banister a daax̱ yaa dulsheech át | banister; railing; handrail

bank lʼawshaa; lʼewshaa (C)

bank teller dáanaa la.aadí

bankward √daaḵ ³

bannister daax̱ yaajikakdulilʼji át | bannister, railing

bannock ⑴ sakwnéin || ⑵ eix̱ kát sakwnein; eex̱ kát sakwnéin (Y,A,T) || ⑶ sakwnéin éewu | (loaf of) bread

baptizer héenx̱ ḵuyala.aadí

barb ⑴ –x̱aaní | barbs (of spear or arrow); prongs (of spear or arrow) || ⑵ √x̱aan

barbecue ¹ ⑴ (verb) √tseek ⒜ O-S-l-√tseek | for S to barbecue O

barbecue ² ⑴ tséek || ⑵ (noun) x̱ʼwéinaa; x̱ʼwénaa tséek; dleey kax̱ʼwénaa; dleey kex̱ʼwénaa (C) | roasting stick (split so that the meat can be inserted; the end is then bound)

bare ⑴ kalsʼáaxwḵ | bare-headed; hatless || ⑵ kaltsáaxʼḵ | bare-handed; without mittens || ⑶ shaltláax̱ | reef or rock with bare lichen-covered top above water level

barefoot kaltéelḵ

barely chʼa kʼikát; chʼa kʼát; chʼa kʼeekát; chʼe kʼeekét | just barely; barely managing (to do a little); just now; a little while ago

bark ¹ ⑴ –daayí || ⑵ déix̱ x̱ʼasiteeyi tséek | forked stick with two prongs used for debarking roots || ⑶ loon | dry woody outer bark || ⑷ –láx̱ʼi | sapwood; sappy inner bark (of a tree) || ⑸ sáxʼ | cambium, sap scraped from inner bark || ⑹ sʼagwáat | flaky surface of the outer bark of conifers, especially hemlock || ⑺ teey woodí; teey hoodí; tiyweidí | yellow cedar bark (for weaving) || ⑻ x̱óow | slab of bark || ⑼ –yayeidí | inside surface of bark || ⑽ √x̱oow | peeling bark; pulling slabs of bark

bark ² ⑴ √shaa ¹ ⒜ a-S-∅-√shaa ¹ | for S (dog) to start barking || ⑵ O-ya-S-l-√shaa ¹ | for S (dog) to bark at O

barnacle sʼook

barrel káast

base ⑴ –gú | base of || ⑵ –kʼí | the base or foot of it (a standing object); trunk of a tree or large plant || ⑶ –kʼiyee | near the base of –; at the foot of –; the back of – (a house); rear of – (a house); behind – (a house); under the shelter of – (a standing object or structure) || ⑷ –kʼeeyí | base (of tree or other plant); the lower part of its trunk or stem

baseball ⑴ ash koolḵʼíshaa | playing baseball || ⑵ át kanduḵʼíshji | batter in baseball; hockey player || ⑶ kadashátx̱i | catcher (in baseball) || ⑷ kooḵʼíshaa | hockey stick; baseball bat; pole, stick used for bracing || ⑸ koochʼéitʼaa át kanduḵʼíshji | baseball || ⑹ ḵʼeish tóowu | umpire (in baseball) || ⑺ ḵʼíshaa | hockey stick; baseball bat || ⑻ yoo kdag̱íxʼgi | pitcher (in baseball)

bashful ⑴ √seek ³ | bashful; shy || ⑵ at + ka-u-S-l-√ḵéi ² | for S to be shy of O

basin ⑴ a kát yadu.usʼgu át; a kát yat.usʼkw át; a kát yadu.usʼgu sʼíxʼ | wash basin (for face) || ⑵ jin.úsʼaa yeit; jin.óosʼaa yeit | wash basin (for hands)

basket ⑴ áagadi | unfinished basket || ⑵ kadádzaa yeit; kadaadzáa yeit; katádzaa yeit | basket or pan used to collect berries by knocking them all off the bush || ⑶ ḵákw ⒜ at daayí ḵákw | birch bark basket || ⑷ kaltálk | berrying basket || ⑸ kaat | long, flat loosely woven basket for pressing out herring oil || ⑹ léitʼ ²; léetʼ | roots or vines used in basket decoration || ⑺ néilʼ | basket of woven red cedar bark || ⑻ seig̱atáanaa; ḵákw seig̱atáanaa | berrying basket or can hung around neck, resting on the chest || ⑼ táal | flat open basket woven from wide strips of bark (for carrying fish, etc.); large platter || ⑽ tsʼanéi | round basket made of split red cedar branches || ⑾ tudaxákw; tuḵdaadaxákw | basket with rattle in the lid || ⑿ wóow daakeit | lunch basket, lunch container || ⒀ x̱ʼakaskéin | unfinished basket

basketball ⑴ koochʼéitʼaa | ball; basketball || ⑵ ash koolchʼéitʼaa | playing basketball || ⑶ √chʼéitʼaa ˟ | play basketball ⒜ ash + ka-u-S-d+l-√chʼéitʼaa ˟ | for S to play basketball

bass lit.isdúk

bastard neechkayádi

bat ¹ sʼigeiditaanú; sʼigeiditaan

bat ² ⑴ kooḵʼíshaa | hockey stick; baseball bat || ⑵ ḵʼíshaa | hockey stick; baseball bat

bathe ⑴ √shooch ⒜ O-S-∅-√shooch | for S to bathe O || ⒝ S-d+∅-√shooch | for S to soak in cold waters for strength; for S to bathe, take a bath || ⑵ daa + S-d+∅-√.óosʼ | for S to take a bath

bathroom ¹ (verb) ⑴ gánde + S-∅-√goot | for (singular) S to go to the bathroom || ⑵ gánde + S-∅-√.aat ¹ | for (plural) S to go to the bathroom

bathroom ² ⑴ gánde nagoot eedí; gánde nagoot eetí | bathroom || ⑵ kwás | chamberpot; honeybucket; bedpan; toilet

bathtub aan sh daadu.úsʼgu át

baton shí sʼaatí wootsaag̱ayí | song leaderʼs staff, baton

bay ¹ (noun) ⑴ g̱eiy; g̱eey (T,Y,K) || ⑵ ḵú | small bay || ⑶ náx̱ | sheltered bay; fjord || ⑷ –tá; g̱eey tá; ḵug̱entáak | head of bay

bay ² √g̱aaḵ ¹

be ⑴ √tee ¹ ⒜ (yéi) + O-∅-√tee ʰ ¹ | for O to be (that way) || ⒝ N-xʼ + yéi + O-∅-√tee ʰ ¹ | for O to be or stay at N; for O to dwell, live at N; for O to remain at N || ⒞ (yéi) + ḵu-∅-√tee ʰ ¹ | for the weather to be (that way) || ⒟ N-x̱ + O-s-√tee ʰ ¹ | for O to be N (a member of a group); for O to become N

be near N + x̱án-xʼ + yéi + O-∅-√tee ʰ ¹

be sure not to tsá ²; tsé

be sure to xʼwán ²

be with N + een-x̱ + O-s-√tee ʰ ¹ | for O to be with N

beach ⑴ (landform) aan eeg̱ayáak | the beach, shore below the town || ⑵ (preverb) dáag̱i | out of the water onto the beach, shore || ⑶ –eeg̱ayáak | the beach, shore below || ⑷ (preverb) éeg̱i | from the woods onto the beach, shore || ⑸ (landform) éiḵ; éeḵ | down on the shore, beach || ⑹ neech ¹ | beach; shore || ⑺ –seiyí | the shelter of; the lee of; beach area below (a mountain, hill, etc.) || ⑻ shaa seiyí | shelter of a mountain; area on the beach below a mountain

beach asparagus suḵkáadzi

beachcomb √tʼeet | beachcomb; scavenge

bead ¹ √ḵaa ²

bead ² ⑴ kawóot | bead(s) ⒜ kawóot ka.íshx̱i | strung up beads || ⒝ sʼeiḵ kawóot | light bluish-gray trade bead(s)

beading kawóotʼ daḵéisʼi

beak ⑴ –lú | nose; beak ⒜ luyaxʼaan | tip of nose; tip of beak

beam ¹ hít kaságu

beam ² ⑴ dís x̱ʼus.eetí | moonbeam || ⑵ g̱agaan x̱ʼoos | sunbeam; ray of sunlight ⒜ g̱agaan x̱ʼusyee | sunbeam hitting a surface; ray of sunlight hitting a surface || ⒝ g̱agaan x̱ʼus.eetí | in a sunbeam; in a ray of sunlight

beans gwéens

bear ¹ ⑴ sʼeek | black bear || ⑵ sʼiknóon; sítʼ tuxóodzi | glacier bear || ⑶ sʼuḵkasdúk | brown bear with solid ribs || ⑷ xóots | brown bear; grizzly bear ⒜ hintaak xóodzi; dleit xóots (T) | polar bear || ⑸ yatseeneit | brown bear; grizzly bear

bear in mind N + tóo-xʼ + yéi + O-∅-√tee ʰ ¹ | for N to remember O; for N to bear O in mind

bear root tsáats

bearberry tínx | alpine bearberry, kinnikinnik

beard ⑴ (verb) √dzaay ⒜ (noun) –yadaadzaayí | beard; whiskers || ⑵ –ḵʼanoox̱ú | whiskers, beard (of fish)

beat ¹ ⑴ √gwaal ⒜ O-S-∅-√gwaal | for S to beat O (esp. drum) || ⑵ O-ka-S-l-√xaakw | for S to grind up O; for S to beat, whip O up (esp. soapberries) || ⑶ √x̱eech ² | beat with stick-like object

beat ² O-ya-S-∅-√dlaaḵ | for S to defeat, beat O

beat up ⑴ (verb) √jaaḵw ¹ | beat up; assault ⒜ O-S-∅-√jáaḵw ¹ | for S to beat up, assault, violently attack O i a jáḵwti | beat up old thing

beautiful ⑴ (adjective) −kadáan || ⑵ –kalé || ⑶ (verb) O-sha-ka-l-√g̱éi | for O to be pretty, cute, beautiful

beaver ⑴ sʼigeidí; sʼikyeidí || ⑵ adeendaa | half-grown beaver

beaver den sʼigeidí x̱aayí

because ⑴ ách ¹ | because of that; therefore; so || ⑵ -ch ¹ || ⑶ –tuwáadáx̱; tuwáatx̱ | because of –; due to –; by virtue of –; on the strength of –; encouraged by –

become N-x̱ + O-s-√tee ʰ ¹ | for O to be N (a member of a group); for O to become N

bed ¹ dei yík | bed of the trail/path/road/street; on the trail/path/road/street

bed ² ⑴ káa x̱exʼwx̱ yeit || ⑵ tayee; tayei | in bed || ⑶ yee.át ⒜ yee.át kag̱áaji | (heavy) bedspread; quilt, comforter (for a bed) || ⒝ yee.át kasʼísayi | sheet; (light) bedspread

bed ³ ⑴ O-S-S-√taa ʰ ¹ | for S to put (singular) O to bed || ⑵ O-S-s-√x̱éixʼw | for S to put (plural) O to bed

bedbug ⑴ aandaatóox || ⑵ tóox | ant; bedbug; sand flea

bedclothes tanaa.ádi

bedroom áa ax̱éixʼw yé

bee gandaasʼaají

beehive gandaasʼaají kúdi

beer géewaa

beetle ⑴ kʼulʼkaskéxkw || ⑵ shax̱dáḵw

before ⑴ –eeteeyáx̱; –eetíyáx̱; –eeteeyiyáx̱; –eeteeyiyéx̱ | as much as before || ⑵ –shukát; –shukwát; –shukwét | before that; before then || ⑶ –waḵshiyee | before ones eyes; where one can see (it)

begin shóogunáx̱ | (at) first; originally; in the beginning

beginning g̱unéi | beginning to; starting to

behave ⑴ √nook ³; √neekw ³ ⒜ (yéi) + ḵu-S-∅-√nook ³ | for S to behave, do, act (in a certain way)

behind ⑴ –dzúk | at the back of; right behind || ⑵ –kʼiyee | near the base of –; at the foot of –; the back of – (a house); rear of – (a house); behind – (a house); under the shelter of – (a standing object or structure) || ⑶ –tʼáak | back inland from –; behind – (when looking from the sea); on the landward side of –(something on the water) || ⑷ (verb root) √tʼei ² ⒜ (relational base) –tʼéik; –tʼéi || ⒝ (relational noun) –yatʼéik | behind  back; where – canʼt see

behold O-S-s-√teen ² | for S to see, behold O (usually specific)

belabor –jiyeet | under the burden, weight of it; belabored or suffering from it (a burden, hardship)

belch ⑴ √tsaa | burp; belch ⒜ a-S-d+l-√tsaa ˟ | for S to burp, belch

belief átkʼ aheen | faith; belief; trust; religion

believe ⑴ √heen ¹ ⒜ n + éekʼ + a-S-∅-√heen ¹ ˟

believe in n + éekʼ + a-S-∅-√heen ¹ ˟

believer átkʼ aheení

bell ⑴ gaaw || ⑵ g̱ayéisʼ gaaw

belly ⑴ –ḵaatl | side of belly || ⑵ –x̱ʼóolʼ | belly; paunch || ⑶ –yoowú | stomach; gizzard (of a bird)

bellybutton –kool

below ⑴ –shuyee; –shuwee | the foot of it; below it (raised place); flat area at the end of it (lake) || ⑵ –yee ³ | below || ⑶ yínde; dayínde; diyínde | downward

belt séek

belted √seek ²

bench a káa yei aḵeech át

bend ¹ ⑴ O-ka-S-l-√gwaatl | for S to bend O (leg or arm); for S to fold up O (paper, etc.) in a loose roll || ⑵ √taan ⁷ ⒜ O-ka-S-∅-√taan ⁷ | for S to bend O (usually long, simple object) over || ⑶ √tʼaa ³ | bend or warp by steam || ⑷ √x̱aatʼ | whip; spring; bend under pressure

bend ² –jig̱ei | nestled in it; inside the bend, curve of it

bend over ⑴ yínde + sh + ka-S-l-√.aat ⁴ | for (plural) S to bend over, lean down || ⑵ yínde + sh + ka-S-d+∅-√taan ⁷ | for (singular) S to bend over, lean down

beneath –tayee

bent ⑴ √taan ⁷ ⒜ yóo + ka-∅-√tán ˟ | for something to be bent

bequeath √yaaḵw ²

berries ⑴ kag̱útlx̱i | mashed berries || ⑵ kaḵáshx̱i | steamed berries put up in soft grease || ⑶ kanálx̱i | steamed berries || ⑷ kanéegwálʼ | pudding dish made with berries and salmon eggs || ⑸ katʼákx̱i | half-dried and/or compressed food, esp. berries or seaweed || ⑹ kax̱ʼátʼ | green, unripe berry || ⑺ seig̱atáanaa; ḵákw seig̱atáanaa | berrying basket or can hung around neck, resting on the chest || ⑻ tléiḵw | berry; berries ⒜ tléiḵw kahéeni | berry juice || ⑼ √tleiḵw | pick berries; be gluttonous

berry ⑴ tléiḵw ⒜ tléiḵw wásʼi | berry bush || ⑵ chʼeix̱ʼ; chʼeex̱ʼ | thimbleberry || ⑶ dáxw | Lingonberry || ⑷ dleit tléig̱u | snowberry || ⑸ gaawáḵ | serviceberry; saskatoonberry || ⑹ kadádzaa yeit; kadaadzáa yeit; katádzaa yeit | basket or pan used to collect berries by knocking them all off the bush || ⑺ kaduheix̱.aa | northern redcurrant || ⑻ kakatlaax̱ | blueberry, the lighter blue variety, frosted || ⑼ kanaltsʼákw; kaneiltsʼákw (C); kaneiltsʼíkw (At); kaneiltsʼook (T); kaltlax̱eit | trailing blackcurrant || ⑽ kanatʼá | Alaska blueberry || ⑾ kaxwéix̱ | high bush cranberry || ⑿ ḵʼeikaxétlʼk | Jacobs berries; bunchberry || ⒀ ḵʼeishkaháagu; ḵʼeishkeháagu (C) | bog cranberry; low bush cranberry || ⒁ láx̱ʼ loowú | swamp blueberry || ⒂ néx̱ʼw; nax̱ʼw; náx̱kʼw | cloudberry || ⒃ neigóon | nagoonberry || ⒄ ôondách tléig̱u | small orange berries found in clusters || ⒅ sʼig̱eeḵáawu tléig̱u; tléiḵw kahínti | twistedstalk; watermelon berry || ⒆ sháchk katléig̱u; sháchgi tléig̱u | swamp cranberry; bog cranberry || ⒇ shaax̱ | gray currant; stink currant || 21 tleikatánk | red huckleberry || 22 tsʼéekáx̱kʼw; tsʼéikáx̱kʼw | alpine blueberry || 23 xákwlʼi | soapberry || 24 xéelʼi | mossberry; crowberry || 25 x̱aaheiwú | prickly currant

beside ⑴ –tuwán | (right) next to it; (right) beside it; (up) close to it || ⑵ –tʼaaḵ | beside; at the side of || ⑶ –tʼaḵká | beside, alongside, next to; on the side of

betray kei + O-ka-S-∅-√neek | for S to tell on, inform on, betray O

between ⑴ –g̱ei | enclosed within (the folds of) it, between the folds, covers, walls of it || ⑵ –yayuwaa | area between (natural features) || ⑶ –x̱ʼáak ⒜ aan yax̱ʼáak | between towns || ⒝ –tlʼeḵx̱ʼáak | between fingers

bewitch ⑴ √heexw | bewitch; witchcraft ⒜ O-S-∅-√heexw | for O to bewitch S; for O to perform witchcraft on O || ⑵ √xʼaash

beyond –yáanáx̱ | beyond it, more than it; too (much); excessively

bib sakeit | dance bib

bicycle ⑴ (verb) {na preverb} + sh + ka-S-d+l-√tseix̱ | for S to bicycle; for S to pedal || ⑵ (noun) a kát sh kadultsex̱t át | bicycle

big ⑴ (verb) √gei ¹ ⒜ (yéi) + ka-u-∅-√gei ¹ ʰ | for a thing to be (so) big || ⒝ (yéi) + ka-u-d+∅-√gei ¹ ʰ | for (plural) things to be (so) big || ⒞ ka-∅-√gei ¹ | for a singular, usually spherical object to be big || ⑵ √tlaa ² | big around in girth ⒜ (yéi) + ka-u-d+∅-√tlaa ² ʰ | for something to be (so) big around, in girth || ⑶ (adjective) –tlein | large; big || ⑷ (adjective) –tlénxʼ | large (plural); big (plural)

Big Dipper Yax̱té

bigger N + yáanáx̱ + ka-u-d+∅-√gei ¹ ʰ | for an object (inanimate) to be bigger than N

bight ⑴ ḵú || ⑵ ḵunag̱eiy

bile ⑴ –teiyí | gall bladder; bile || ⑵ –teiyí kahéeni | bile

billiards ⑴ koochʼéitʼaa át kadultáḵji || ⑵ ash kooltág̱aa | playing pool, billiards

bind ⑴ √aax̱w || ⑵ √sʼeet ⒜ O-ka-S-∅-√sʼeet | for S to bind up, wrap around, bandage O

bingo alḵáa; at ilḵáa | stick game; gambling; bingo; game of chance

binoculars ⑴ sʼíksh || ⑵ tunax̱ḵudutísʼ

birch at daayí ḵákw

bird ⑴ aatayádi | mythical bird or little person that lives in a lake || ⑵ tsʼatsʼée | bird; songbird || ⑶ tlʼáatlʼ | small yellow songbird (yellow warbler?) || ⑷ tsʼítskw | small songbird

birds át kawdliyeeji át

birth atkʼátskʼu⁓yát(kʼ) + O-S-∅-√.oo ¹ ˟ | for S to wear, put on, dress in O; for S to use O

bison xaas

bite ⑴ N-dé + ya-d+∅-√g̱eech ¹ | for a sharp object to pierce, enter, prick N; for an animal to bite N || ⑵ N-t⁓ + ya-d+∅-√g̱eech ¹ | for a sharp object to pierce, enter, prick N; for an animal to bite N || ⑶ √taaxʼ | bite; chew ⒜ O-S-s-√táaxʼ | for S (esp. an insect) to bite O || ⑷ √yeeḵ ³ | bite; carry in mouth ⒜ O-S-∅-√yeeḵ ³ | for S to bite O; for S to carry O in mouth (of animal)

bite ² –x̱ʼanaa | (protecting) from, against a bite; keeping from eating something

bitter ⑴ √aaxʼw ² ⒜ O-s-√.áaxʼw ² ˟

black ⑴ tʼoochʼ | black color || ⑵ √tʼoochʼ | to char or blacken || ⑶ tsʼáḵl | black paint || ⑷ yéisʼ | black and blue (like a bruise)

blackboard kadushxit tʼaa yá

blacksmith ⑴ g̱ayéisʼ layeix̱í; g̱iyéisʼ layeix̱í; g̱iyéisʼ leyeix̱í (C) || ⑵ g̱ayéisʼ tʼéix̱ʼi

bladder –kalóoxʼshani; –kulóoxʼsháni; –kelóoxʼsheni

blade –gáaxw | back (of a knife or other blade); back edge, spine of it

blame N + géi⁓ + O-ka-S-s-√haa ⁴ | for S to accuse, blame N

blanket ⑴ –guntú | under the covers, under the blanket with them; (sleeping) nestled against them || ⑵ g̱ax̱laan | blanket woven from twisted rabbit furs || ⑶ lʼée | wool; wool blanket || ⑷ xʼóow | blanket ⒜ at xáshdi xʼóow | blanket sewn from scraps of hide || ⒝ Ginjichwáan xʼóowu; Kinguchwáan xʼóowu | Hudson Bay blanket || ⒞ kastʼáatʼ xʼóow; kastʼáatʼ | cotton blanket; quilt || ⒟ sʼax̱xʼóow | marmot blanket, robe || ⑸ √xʼoo ² | wear a blanket || ⑹ yéik tayee.ádi | blanket, cushion for shaman to sit on

bleach ⑴ a kaax̱ at sahéix̱ át || ⑵ átdáx̱ ḵusahéix̱ át | spot remover; bleach

bleed shí + N + lóot⁓ + ∅-√daa ¹ | for Nʼs nose to bleed

blessed ⑴ √x̱eitl; √x̱eetl ² | blessed; lucky ⒜ O-l-√x̱éitl ˟ | for O to be blessed, be lucky

blessing ⑴ √soo | supernatural aid ⒜ N + eeg̱áa + ∅-√soo | for N to receive supernatural aid; for N to be blessed by spiritual aid

blind tlél + ḵu-S-sh-√téen ² ˟ | for S to be blind

blindfold waḵkadóoxʼ

blindly ux̱ kei

blindness l ḵooshtéeni

blizzard dleit g̱éedi

block ⑴ –niyaa; –yinaa | in the way of; keeping away; protecting, shielding, screening from; blocking || ⑵ –x̱ʼanaa | in the way of; keeping away; protecting, shielding, screening from; blocking || ⑶ –waḵká | blocking their view; in their way (so that she/he canʼt see)

blocks kóoḵxʼu saaní | toy blocks

blond lʼáax̱ʼ | grayish; blond (hair)

blood ⑴ –tlag̱eiyí yadaatéetʼi | blood vessels on the surface of their brain || ⑵ shé | blood

bloodline x̱áat kʼáax̱ʼi | bloodline inside fish, along the backbone

bloodshot ⑴ dáat ¹ | bloodshot part; bloodshot flesh ⒜ dleey dáat | bloodshot meat; bloodshot flesh

bloodsucker yéesh

blossom ⑴ (verb) √xwein ³ ⒜ O-ḵʼe-ka-d+l-√xwein ˟ ³ | for O to flower, blossom || ⒝ (noun) ḵʼeikaxwéin

blouse ⑴ xʼúxʼ sʼísaa kʼoodásʼ | silk shirt; dress shirt || ⑵ yan sh wusné kʼoodásʼ | blouse

blow ⑴ du-∅-√nook ² | for the wind to blow, be felt (esp. a breeze, light wind) || ⑵ √oox ⒜ O-S-l-√.óox | for S to blow on O || ⒝ O-ka-S-∅-√.oox | for S to blow up, inflate O || ⒞ O-ya-ka-S-l-√.óox | for S to blow O (light, candle, match, etc.) out || ⑶ √xeex ³ | classification: wind ⒜ ∅-√xeex ³ | for the wind to blow || ⒝ N-t⁓ + ∅-√xeex ³ | for a strong wind to blow at N

blow nose ⑴ √naal ⒜ S-d+∅-√naal | for S to blow oneʼs nose

blowfish tlʼéitlʼ

blowhole anax̱ daséigu yé

blown ⑴ √sʼees ¹ | blown by wind; blown around ⒜ N-t + O-l-√sʼees ¹ | for O to be blown around at N (by wind); for O to sail in a boat around at N || ⒝ N-t + ka-d+l-√sʼees ¹ | for an object to be blown around in the wind at N

blubber taay

blue ⑴ sʼeiḵ kawóot | light bluish gray || ⑵ sʼoow | blue (for inland speakers) || ⑶ xáatsʼ | sky blue || ⑷ x̱ʼéishxʼw | dark blue || ⑸ yéisʼ | black and blue (like a bruise)

blueberry ⑴ kakatlaax̱ | blueberry, the lighter blue variety, frosted || ⑵ kanatʼá | Alaska blueberry ⒜ kanatʼá kahéeni | blueberry juice || ⒝ naanyaa kanatʼaayí || ⑶ láx̱ʼ loowú | swamp blueberry || ⑷ tsʼéekáx̱kʼw; tsʼéikáx̱kʼw | alpine blueberry

blunder √keikʼw

blunt ya-d+∅-√g̱éel

board ⑴ (noun) tʼáa ⒜ a káa yei kaduxáshch tʼáa | cutting board || ⑵ (verb) √tʼaa ⁴ | board; skirting

boardwalk dzeit | ladder; stairs; dock; pier; boardwalk

boat yaakw

boat ¹ (noun) ⑴ asg̱eiwú | seine fisher; seine boat || ⑵ chʼaḵúx̱; chaḵúx̱; jaḵúx̱ || ⑶ dax̱áchxʼi | tugboat || ⑷ diyeegooleit | skin kayak || ⑸ hoodí | planks put on the side of boat, canoe to stabilize it; outrigger || ⑹ ḵaayaakw | kayak || ⑺ lʼáaḵw | canoe, big flat bowed canoe or old worn out canoe || ⑻ xáatl kaltság̱aa | canoe with twin prongs to push aside ice || ⑼ yaakw ⒜ leineit shál yaakw | gill net boat || ⒝ sʼeenáa yaakw | gas-powered boat || ⒞ yakwyádi | skiff; small boat; flat-bottom canoe || ⒟ yaakw x̱uká | deck of a boat || ⒠ yaakw x̱ukahídi | 7.471 || ⒡ yaakw yík | in the the canoe, boat

boat ² ⑴ (verb) [∅ preverb] + S-∅-√ḵoox̱ ¹ | for S to travel, go (by boat, car) || ⑵ daak + S-∅-√ḵoox̱ ¹ | for S to go out to sea (in a boat); for S to move into the open (in a boat, car) || ⑶ g̱unéi + S-∅-√ḵoox̱ ¹ | for S to begin traveling, going by boat or car || ⑷ [na preverb] + S-∅-√ḵoox̱ ¹ | for S to travel, go (in a boat, car) || ⑸ [∅ preverb] + O-ya-S-s-√ḵoox̱ ¹ | for S to transport O by boat; for S to bring, take or fetch O by boat || ⑹ ash koosḵúx̱aa | playing boats (esp. toy boats)

bob √tsees | float; bob

body ⑴ –daa ¹; –daa.it | body; around the body || ⑵ –daashagóon | body parts || ⑶ jáḵwti | corpse of one slain || ⑷ –kasán | body; torso; waist || ⑸ –naa | upper body || ⑹ naawú | dead body

bog sháchk; shéchk | swamp, bog, muskeg; small meadow or clearing

boil ¹ ⑴ √ook ¹ | to boil in water ⒜ O-S-l-.ook ¹ | for S to boil O (esp. water) || ⒝ d+l-√.óok ¹ | for something to boil || ⑵ √ootl | boil fish ⒜ O-S-sh-√.óotl | for S to boil O (fish) || ⒝ (noun) útlx̱i | boiled fish || ⑶ √taa ⁴ | especially meat or berries ⒜ O-S-s-√taa ʰ ⁴ | for S to boil, steam O (food, esp. meat) || ⑷ √x̱aasʼ | strengthen by boiling

boil ² ⑴ (verb) √xʼees | for skin to swell; have a boil (on skin) ⒜ d+∅-√xʼees | for something to swell, be swollen locally; for something to have a boil on it (of skin) || ⒝ (noun) xʼees | infection on the skin

boiled ⑴ katéix̱ | boiled food || ⑵ téix̱

bone ⑴ ḵʼíshaa | fleshing tool made of bone || ⑵ –shakeegoodlí | intercornual protruberance; ridge between its horns (of moose, caribou) || ⑶ –shantunóoxʼu | otolith || ⑷ –shantuteiyí | interior head bone (of salmon) || ⑸ sʼaaḵ ⒜ –dix̱ʼtusʼaag̱í; –díx̱ʼtú sʼaaḵx’í | backbone || ⒝ –g̱atstusʼaag̱í || ⒞ –kʼisʼaag̱í | side pelvic bones; innominate bones || ⒟ −layatʼakwsʼaag̱í; –wóow sʼaag̱í | collarbone || ⒠ –sʼayoowú sʼaag̱í; –sʼayootlein sʼaag̱í | calf bone || ⒡ –tux̱ʼasʼaag̱í | bone at the bottom of pelvis || ⒢ –x̱iktusʼaag̱í; –x̱ikshatusʼaag̱í; –x̱ekshetusʼaag̱í | humerus, upper arm bone || ⑹ –sʼúdi | bones in forearm (radius and ulna) || ⑺ –wóow | brisket ⒜ –woowkasʼaag̱í | sternum, breastbone || ⑻ –xeitká | flat upper surface of their chest

boney ⑴ (verb) √sʼaaḵ ⒜ (adjective) lisʼaag̱í

book datóow xʼúxʼ; xʼúxʼ

bookstore xʼúxʼ daakahídi

boot ⑴ (noun) xʼwán ¹ | boot(s) || ⑵ (verb) √xʼwán ˟ || ⑶ (noun) x̱ʼatux̱.ayéeg̱i | knee-high waterproof skin boot(s); mukluk(s)

booze ⑴ kasiyaayi héen || ⑵ kóoshdaa lóoxʼu || ⑶ náaw

bore O-S-∅-√tool ¹ | for S to drill, bore hole in O

bored √teesh

boredom teesh; tuteesh; toowú teesh

born ⑴ O-ḵu-d+s-√tee ʰ ¹ | for O to be in existence; for O to be born; for O to live || ⑵ ḵu-S-d+s-√tee ʰ ¹ | for S to exist; for S to be born; for S to live; for S to subsist

borrow ⑴ √heesʼ ⒜ O-S-∅-√héesʼ || ⒝ O-ka-S-∅-√héesʼ | classification: round or sperical object

boss ⑴ –sʼaatí | boss, master ⒜ ḵaa sʼaatí | boss of people

both ⑴ chʼu déix̱ || ⑵ deix̱kajíntin | with both hands || ⑶ deix̱kax̱ʼoostín | on both feet; with both feet

bother ⑴ √keen ⒜ O-S-sh-√keen || ⑵ N + éex̱ + a-S-∅-√néekw ¹ ˟ | for S to bother N (esp. by touching) || ⑶ √neekw ⁴

bottle ⑴ ín xʼeesháa || ⑵ ítʼjaa | baby bottle || ⑶ –lʼaa | milk; baby bottle || ⑷ tʼoochʼineit || ⑸ xén lʼaa tux̱áni daakeit | baby bottle

bottom ⑴ –taká | inside surface of the bottom (of container, vessel) || ⑵ –táak | the bottom of it (a cavity) ; in it (a cavity, occupying the bottom part of it) || ⑶ –tuḵdaa | around the butt; around the bottom; bottom (whole side) of container, e.g. dish, cup, bowl, bottle

bough ⑴ cháash | bough or branch with needles on it (especially of spruce) || ⑵ haaw ¹ | bough, branch with needles on it (especially of hemlock)

boulder ⑴ eech | large rock or boulder lying on the ocean floor ⒜ hintu.eejí | underwater reef; large rock or boulder lying under the water

bounce ⑴ √daat || ⑵ √kʼoot

bow ¹ ⑴ sáḵs || ⑵ sheexw | close quarter bow and arrow || ⑶ tʼúgwaa | bow and arrow

bow ² ⑴ chʼéen || ⑵ lag̱wán | bow (of hair) || ⑶ shachʼéen | hair ribbon

bow ³ ⑴ –luká | along the ridge of it (hill); (on the) bow of (a boat) || ⑵ –shaká | bow, prow (of boat) || ⑶ –xéesʼ | the curved part of a bow or stern (of boat)

bowl ⑴ x̱ʼayeit | food container; pot or pan; large bowl or dish || ⑵ sʼíxʼ | dish; plate; bowl ⒜ leineit sʼíx | horn bowl